The Future of Cell Phones :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Future of Cell PhonesWe have correspondn the cell phone evolve from a big bulky cumbersome bandage of equipment into a sleek small compact device. You asshole now pick different ring tones for your phone and can change the appearance. Right now you can even access the Internet. Even though it seems like we have seen it all, cell phones are still getting better. Just recently released were the new phones that can result pictures. Not only can you take pictures but you can also send them. However these phones were just released and are going to be very expensive. The engineering is constantly improving and it seems like no matter what type of phone you get a newer model will come outdate it. A company in London, the draw of it is Eleksen, has created something they call intelligent fabrics that can electronically sense a fingers touch and recognize the amount of pressure applied to it (16). You whitethorn be wondering, What is this going to do for cell phones? Well Erik Fok, who works for Eleksen, says that he hopes that the fabric will herald a new generation of lightweight cell phones that can be controlled with a squeeze of the hand or the glide of a finger (16). Can you imagine that? A cell phone that can be scrunched, folded, or shoved into your pocket. It may seem far away but believe me it will be marketed in a matter of years. Have you ever bought a calling government note? Well in the future you may be able to buy disposable cell phones. Thats right disposable. These phones, invented by Randi Altschul, will be made out of paper and of course will be recyclable (17). The phone is expected to be available soon and can be purchased for twenty dollars for sixty minutes of talk time (17). There is another inventor that has gone one step beyond this. Victor Chu, a fashion technologist in recent York, wants to develop a biodegradable casing for prepaid phones that contains flower seeds and can be planted once the phone runs out of credit (16). Ill have to see that to believe it Many people are predicting that cell phones will do so much more than voice communication in the future. They will mark off keys to bank accounts and be used as remote controls to unlock doors to our house or car.

thelma and louise Essay -- essays research papers

The movie Thelma and Louise attempts to make a difference in the way that people think. It sets out to challenge a number of conventional attitudes toward women. Although it achieves some advantage in this area for women, it does not do a great deal to rebuff societys stereotypical images of men. For the most part, men are visualized in a negative light and in this paper, I will explore where these negative images appear within the movie.Thelmas husband, Darryl is portrayed as a dirt-bag. He is intolerant, selfish, egotistic and domineering. In the beginning of the movie Thelma is shown leaving a meal in the microwave for her husband as she sets off with her friend Louise for a pass holiday. This is the first of numerous occasions in which the movie seizes the opportunity to perpetuate negative images of men. This first image reinforces the view that men are incompetent at looking after themselves and if left alone, they would be unable to feed themselves. Darryls negative image continues throughout the movie, he never realizes that his treatment of his wife contributes to her sorrow and her subsequent rejection of him even though Thelma has talked to him about this. Darryl is shown as a distant and unfeeling creature that would rather watch his football game and laze close to drinking beer than know the whereabouts of his mysteriously missing wife. He is the embodiment of the lazy, beer-guzzling slob of a husband of editorials and comic strips. Another example of his...

Plastic Not Paper -- essays research papers

Plastic Not Paper     Walking through the grocery remembering I always try to look for the best buy.I always buy whats on sale, I guess you could say Im cheep. Then I derive to thecheck out lane, preferably the iodin with fewer people. I empty my wallet and pay.Then I wait. I think its going to happen only when I am not sure. Then it does,the baggier says, "Would you like paper or plastic?" I look that person rightin the eye and I tell him, "I want the one thats better for the environment, Iwant the one that will help prevent pollution, I want the one that court less, Iwant plastic." Plastic bags save money, they conserve energy, they arepractical and they are better for the environment. Thats why plastic bags arethe best choice at the check out line. Of course your wondering how plastic bagssave money, well just think 2,000 paper bags stacked on each other reaches aheight of about 7.25 inches, while paper reaches a soaring height of 7.5 feet .This means it takes seven trucks to deliver the same amount of paper as oneplastic delivering truck. Talk about a big waste of gas. Plastic bags costabout of a cent to make, while paper cost culture to 3 cents. This is money wesave as well as the store owner. This is a lot of money that is going towaste considering that plastic bags are so much more practical then paper. Youcan use them for lots of other things. You can take on trips to the grocerystore, your can protect change clothing ...

The Naturalist Ideas Essay -- Literary Analysis, Societal Structures

Important aspects of naturalism are the ideas that people are essentially animals responding to their basic urges without rational thought, and the insignificance of earthly concern to others and nature. In The Jungle, Sinclair portrays Jurgis as a man belatedly changing into animal as well as a man whose actions are irrelevant to the rest of the corrupt capitalist world of Chicago in order to show the reader the naturalist ideas of the struggles between man and society.Jurgiss struggle between human thought and animalistic tendencies are evident in some(prenominal) major events in the book. In the beginning of Jurgiss life in Chicago, he can disregard most of the obstacles thrown at him by the corruption of man and keep his rational thinking dominant of his animal-like instincts. However, when Jurgis finds out that Connor has violated, harassed, threatened, and raped his wife Ona, he reached his breaking point. Jurgis was so overwhelmed with rage, he reverted back to his pri mal instincts and sunk his odontiasis into the mans cheek (153). We again see Jurgis animal instincts when he escapes from the city and lives in the countryside from a while. He has given up on being rational and has resorted to utilisation his survival instincts like stealing and scavenging to survive. Sinclair shows us how these instincts will not help us survive in the end. Whe neer Jurgis behaves like an animal, he is punished in some kind of way like an animal. When he attacks Connor, he is sent to prison and when he is in the rural area, he does not get any notes to help him survive.Moreover, Jurgis does everything he can to help his family and himself survive, but regardless of his actions, the corrupt society plows through him without remorse or regret. Jurgiss op... ...te the flawed example of muckraking by The Jungle, the main reason for the use of muckraking was and still is an effective way of revealing the corruption of politics and businesses. Although The J ungle may not have served Sinclair purposes for friendly reform, it brought reform to the way food is handled. Without the enlightening view of the meat-packing business, even if false, the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act may never have been created. We still see examples of muckraking today from Morgan Spurlocks Super Size Me to magazines like People, Time, Cosmopolitan, and National Geographic. Muckraking is one of the few ways that the average psyche can find out about information quickly and easily. In certain cases, it even connects the nations together in order to fight a commonalty enemy, whether it is political, social, natural, or supernatural.

Nicolaus Copernicus :: essays research papers

Nicolaus CopernicusHis LifeThroughout history people have always looked up at the sky and wonderedabout the universe. Some just wonder while others attempt to solve this mystery.One of the people who had endeavored to solve it was Nicolaus Copernicus.Copernicus was born in the present mean solar day town of Torun, Poland inFebruary of 1473. While still a young boy, Copernicus was put in custody of hisuncle when his father died. His uncle made sure that his nephew got the besteducation they could obtain. This is how Copernicus was adequate to(p) to enter theUniversity of Krakow, which was well known for its mathematics, and astronomyprograms. After finishing in Krakow, he was inspired to further his education bygoing to the University of Bologna in Italy. While there, he roomed withDomenico Maria de Novara, the mathematics professor. In 1500, Copernicuslectured in Rome and in the next year, obtained permission to study medicine atPadua. Before return to Poland, he received a docto rate in canon law from theUniversity of Ferrara.Copernicus lived with his uncle in his bishopric palace. While he stayedthere he published his startle book which was a translation of letters written bythe 7th century writer, Theophylactus of Simocatta. After that he wrote anastronomical discourse that laid the foundation of his Copernican theory thetheory that the sun is the center of our solar system. However, it was 400 yearsbefore it was published.After leaving his uncle, he wrote a treatise on money, and began thework for which he is most famous, On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres,which took him almost 15 years to write. It is ironic that what he devoted agood part of his life would non be published until he was on his deathbed.His TheoryTo understand the contribution Copernicus made to the astrologicalcommunity, you first need to understand the theory that had been accepted at thetime of Copernicus.The question of the arrangement of the planets arose about 4000 BC. A tthis time the Mesopotamians believed that the earth was at the center of theuniverse and that other heavenly bodies moved around the earth. This flavor wassynonymously know as geocentric. They believed this, but they had no scientificproof to support it.It was not until the 2nd century that the famous astronomer, Ptolemy,gave an explanation for the movement of the stars crosswise the sky, that thegeocentric theory began to become creditable.That was the theory that existed at the time of Copernicus. Copernicuswas not the first one to come up with the idea of a sun-centered (heliocentric)

Nicolaus Copernicus :: essays research papers

Nicolaus CopernicusHis LifeThroughout history people have always looked up at the sky and wondered more or less the universe. Some simply wonder while others attempt to solve this mystery.One of the people who had endeavored to solve it was Nicolaus Copernicus.Copernicus was born in the present day town of Torun, Poland inFebruary of 1473. While compose a young boy, Copernicus was put in custody of hisuncle when his father died. His uncle made sure that his nephew got the besteducation they could obtain. This is how Copernicus was able to enter theUniversity of Krakow, which was well known for its mathematics, and uranologyprograms. After finishing in Krakow, he was inspired to further his education bygoing to the University of Bologna in Italy. While there, he roomed withDomenico Maria de Novara, the mathematics professor. In 1500, Copernicuslectured in Rome and in the next year, obtained permission to study medicine atPadua. Before returning to Poland, he received a doctorate in canon law from theUniversity of Ferrara.Copernicus lived with his uncle in his bishopric palace. While he stayedthere he published his first book which was a translation of garner written bythe 7th century writer, Theophylactus of Simocatta. After that he wrote anastronomical discourse that laid the foundation of his heliocentric possibleness thetheory that the sun is the bone marrow of our solar system. However, it was 400 yearsbefore it was published.After leaving his uncle, he wrote a treatise on money, and began thework for which he is most famous, On the Revolution of the airy Spheres,which took him almost 15 years to write. It is ironic that what he devoted agood part of his life would not be published until he was on his deathbed.His TheoryTo understand the contri only ifion Copernicus made to the astrologicalcommunity, you first need to understand the theory that had been accepted at thetime of Copernicus.The question of the arrangement of the planets arose about 4000 BC. Atthis time the Mesopotamians believed that the earth was at the center of theuniverse and that other heavenly bodies moved around the earth. This belief wassynonymously know as geocentric. They believed this, but they had no scientificproof to support it.It was not until the 2nd century that the famous astronomer, Ptolemy,gave an explanation for the movement of the stars across the sky, that thegeocentric theory began to become creditable.That was the theory that existed at the time of Copernicus. Copernicuswas not the first one to come up with the idea of a sun-centered (heliocentric)

Price Wars

Pricing is one of the most necessary factor a fraternity must put forward Into consideration upon venturing into a selected Industry. This Is affected by different factors such(prenominal) as the manufacturing costs, marketing costs, legal mandates of the state, the competition, the condition of the industry and the quality of the product. Through this a company is capable of determining their profitability which then may determine how they can generating appropriate amount of income that will support their operation.This may, as well, serve as gigantic strategic tool as this may help the many know up with their competition through genuine adjustments and employing different strategies. There are certain phenomena that may occur upon utilizing such in an Industry and one of those Is the price war. Price war is a market situation characterized by the cutting of prices of companies infra their competitors prices. This may mainly occur on conditions wherein there is a very heavy competition present. In such situation, companies will do every system in order for them to overthrow competitors and throw away themselves obtain greater market share In the Industry.This, as well, Is done cod to the stronger bargaining power of buyers due to the presence of substitute products. Companies may prefer to lower their prices in order for consumers to choose their products over their competitors. I think, the environmental condition which will most apt(predicate) part price war is when there Is recession in a country. I think, this Is the condition In which companies will be most likely be forced to adjust prices In order to keep up with the reduced purchasing power of their consumers.Another condition that I think would most likely trigger such phenomena is when a many is engaged in a new market or when a good is newly turned into a commodity. As an example is the smart phone Industry. During the first years of the industry, most smart phones are priced highly as It Is considered that time as a luxury to have such but as many companies discover ways on how to venture Into the industry and have gathered enough resources to support such venture, the put up for the said product becomes greater which then had the prices go down into how is it today.Aside from that, this, as well, have made such products a commodity which rather increased the adopt for the said product. And speaking of technology, another triggering event may be the introduction of new technology that may allow a company to produce at a lower cost. This will allow the company to have their prices lower than their direct competitors but this will not result into an absolute advantage as such technology will eventually be revealed to other companies which will allow them to lower prices accordingly.This may, as well, result into a price war. Playing just ab extinct with pricing may be one useful strategy for companies to operate ore efficiently but It must also be taken Into con sideration that doing such against which pricing will be low enough that smaller companies can no longer cope up with and may have them go out of business as this will allow the bigger company to grab the market share left by the said business.An effective way to cope up with such is through determining if there unfeignedly is a price war, as some only lower their prices for promotional purposes, and if there really is be sure to have sufficient resources to suffice such strategy and know when to stop and employ different strategy such as product differentiation.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 37. Contrivances

Aro did non rejoin his anxious guard waiting on the north location of the clearing instead, he waved them forward.Edward growed toping up immediately, pulling my artillery and Emmetts. We hurried adventureward, keeping our eyes on the advancing scourge. Jacob retreated slowest, the fur on his shoulders baging straight up as he bared his fangs at Aro. Renesmee grabbed the end of his tail as we retreated she held it standardised a leash, forcing him to stay with us. We r distri yetivelyed our family at the same time that the dark cloaks surrounded Aro again.Now t here(predicate) were simply fifty yards between them and us a distance only about(prenominal) of us could leap in except a fraction of a second.Caius began arguing with Aro at once.How can you abide this infamy? Why do we stand here impotently in the vitrine of such(prenominal) an out rampous crime, covered by such a ridiculous deception? He held his arms rigidly at his sides, his good deals curled into claws. I wondered why he did non just satisfy Aro to share his opinion. Were we adjoining a division in their ranks al relieve unmatchableself? Could we be that lucky?Because its exclusively true, Aro told him calmly. E genuinely word of it. See how many witnesses stand ready to give evidence that they control seen this miraculous tiddler grow and mature in just the short time theyve k this instantn her. That they collapse felt the love of the blood that pulses in her veins. Aros gesture swept from Amun on one side across to Siobhan on the opposite.Caius reacted oddly to Aros soothing words, starting ever so roughly at the mention of witnesses. The anger drained from his features, replaced by a cold calculation. He glanced at the Volturi witnesses with an expression that looked vaguely nervous.I glanced at the angry mob, to a fault, and proverb immediately that the description no longer applied. The frenzy for action had turned to confusion. Whispered conversations seethed th rough and through the crowd as they tried to make sense ofwhat had happened.Caius was frowning, complex in thought. His speculative expression stoked the flames of my smoldering anger at the same time that it worried me. What if the guard acted again on some invisible sign on, as they had in their march? Anxiously, I inspected my hold it felt just as impenetrable as before. I flexed it now into a low, wide dome that arcuate over our company.I could feel the sharp plumes of light where my family and geniuss stood each one an individual flavor that I thought I would be able to make out with practice. I already knew Edwards his was the very brightest of them each. The extra empty space around the shining spots bothered me there was no physical barrier to the shield, and if any of the talented Volturi got under it, it would protect no one simply me. I felt my fore betoken crease as I pulled the elastic armor very carefully close set(predicate). Carlisle was the furthestthest forward I sucked the shield back inch by inch, trying to wrap it as exactly to his body as I could.My shield seemed to want to cooperate. It hugged his shape when Carlisle shifted to the side to stand nearer to Tanya, the elastic stretched with him, drawn to his spark.Fascinated, I tugged in more than than threads of the fabric, pulling it around each glimmering shape that was a friend or ally. The shield clung to them willingly, moving as they moved.Only a second had passed Caius was still deliberating.The werewolves, he murmured at last.With choppy panic, 1 realized that most of the werewolves were unprotected. I was close to to reach out to them when I realize that, impertinently, I could still feel their sparks. Curious, I drew the shield tighter in, until Amun and Kebi the farthest edge of our group were outside with the wolves. Once they were on the other side, their lights vanished. They no longer existed to that new sense. exactly the wolves were still bright flames or rather, one-half of them were. Hmm I edged outward again, and as soon as Sam was under cover, all the wolves were brilliant sparks again.Their minds mustiness have been more interconnected than Id imagined. If the of import was inside my shield, the rest of their minds were all bit as protected as his.Ah, brother, Aro replyed Caiuss statement with a pained look.Will you defend that alliance, too, Aro? Caius demanded. The Children of the Moon have been our bitter enemies from the dawn of time. We have drawed them to near extinction in Europe and Asia. Yet Carlisle encourages a familiar relationship with this enormous infestation no doubt in an attempt to overthrow us. The better to protect his warped lifestyle.Edward cleared his throat loudly and Caius glared at him. Aro placed one thin, delicate grant over his own face as if he was embarrassed for the other ancient.Caius, its the middle of the day, Edward pointed out. He gestured to Jacob. These are not Children of the M oon, clearly. They bear no relation to your enemies on the other side of the world.You breed mutants here, Caius spit back at him.Edwards jaw clenched and unclenched, becausece he answered evenly, They arent even werewolves. Aro can tell you all about it if you dont believe me.Not werewolves? I shot a mystified look at Jacob. He lifted his huge shoulders and allow them drop a shrug. He didnt bonk what Edward was talking about, either.Dear Caius, I would have warned you not to press this point if you had told me your thoughts, Aro murmured. Though the creatures think of themselves as werewolves, they are not. The more accurate note for them would be shape-shifters. The choice of a wolf form was purely portion. It could have been a bear or a hawk or a cougar when the first change was made. These creatures truly have nothing to do with the Children of the Moon. They have merely inherited this skill from their fathers. Its genetic they do not continue their species by infecting others the focus true werewolves do.Caius glared at Aro with irritation and something more an accusation of betrayal, maybe.They lie with our secret, he state flatly.Edward looked about to answer this accusation, but Aro spoke faster. They are creatures of our occult arts world, brother. Perhaps even more dependent upon secrecy than we are they can hardly expose us. Carefully, Caius. Specious allegations get us nowhere.Caius took a deep pinch and nodded. They exchanged a long, significant glance.I thought I understood the instruction behind Aros careful wording. False charges werent helping convince the wat raiseg witnesses on either side Aro was cautioning Caius to move on to the next strategy. I wondered if the reason behind the apparent strain between the two ancients Caiuss indisposedness to share his thoughts with a touch was that Caius didnt care about the show as much as Aro did. If the access slaughter was so much more essential to Caius than an untarnished reputatio n.I want to talk to the informant, Caius announced abruptly, and turned his glare on Irina.Irina wasnt paying caution to Caius and Aros conversation her face was reprobate in agony, her eyes locked on her sisters, lie up to die. It was clear on her face that she knew now her accusation had been totally false.Irina, Caius barked, unhappy to have to address her.She looked up, startled and instantly afraid.Caius snapped his fingers.Hesitantly, she moved from the fringes of the Volturi formation to stand in front of Caius again.So you appear to have been quite mistaken in your allegations, Caius began.Tanya and Kate leaned forward anxiously.Im sorry, Irina whispered. I should have made sure of what I was seeing. But I had no idea___ She gesturedhelplessly in our direction.Dear Caius, could you expect her to have guessed in an instant something so strange and impossible? Aro asked. Any of us would have made the same assumption.Caius flicked his fingers at Aro to silence him.We all li e with you made a mistake, he verbalize brusquely. I meant to speak of your motivations.Irina waited nervously for him to continue, and then recurrent, My motivations?Yes, for coming to spy on them in the first place.Irina flinched at the word spy.You were unhappy with the Cullens, were you not?She turned her miserable eyes to Carlisles face. I was, she admitted.Because ? Caius prompted.Because the werewolves killed my friend, she whispered. And the Cullens wouldnt stand aside to let me avenge him.The shape-shifters, Aro corrected quietudely.So the Cullens sided with the shape-shifters against our own kind against the friend of a friend, even, Caius summarized.I heard Edward make a disgusted get going under his breath. Caius was wholesome down his list, looking for an accusation that would stick.Irinas shoulders stiffened. Thats how I saw it.Caius waited again and then prompted, If youd like to make a formal complaint against the shape-shifters and the Cullens for supporting their actions now would be the time. He smiled a little cruel smile, waiting for Irina to give him his next justification.Maybe Caius didnt understand real families relationships based on love rather than just the love of king. Maybe he overestimated the potency of vengeance.Irinas jaw jerked up, her shoulders squared.No, I have no complaint against the wolves, or the Cullens. You came here today to destroy an immortal child. No immortal child exists. This was my mistake, and I take full responsibility for it. But the Cullens are innocent, and you have no reason to still be here. Im so sorry, she said to us, and then she turned her face toward the Volturi witnesses. There was no crime. Theres no valid reason for you to continue here.Caius raised his hand as she spoke, and in it was a strange metal object, carved and ornate.This was a signal. The response was so fast that we all stared in stunned disbelief while it happened. Before there was time to react, it was over.lead of t he Volturi soldiers leaped forward, and Irina was completely obscured by their gray cloaks. In the same instant, a horrible metallic screeching ripped through the clearing. Caius slithered into the center of the gray melee, and the shocking squealing sound exploded into a startling upward shower of sparks and tongues of flame. The soldiers leaped back from the sudden inferno, immediately retaking their places in the guards perfectly straight line.Caius stood alone beside the blazing clay of Irina, the metal object in his hand still throwing a thick jet of flame into the pyre.With a small clicking sound, the fire shooting from Caiuss hand disappeared. A gasp rippled through the mass of witnesses behind the Volturi.We were too aghast to make any noise at all. It was one thing to know that expiry was coming with fierce, unstoppable speed it was another(prenominal) thing to watch it happen.Caius smiled coldly. Now she has taken full responsibility for her actions.His eyes flashed to o ur front line, touching swiftly on Tanyas and Kates frozen forms.In that second I understood that Caius had never underestimated the ties of a true family. This was the ploy. He had not wanted Irinas complaint he had wanted her defiance. His excuse to destroy her, to ignite the violence that filled the air like a thick, combustible mist. He had thrown a match.The strained stillness of this summit already teetered more precariously than an elephant on a tightrope. Once the fight began, there would be no way to stop it. It would only escalate until one side was entirely extinct. Our side. Caius knew this.So did Edward.Stop them Edward cried out, jumping to grab Tanyas arm as she lurched forward toward the smiling Caius with a maddened cry of pure rage. She couldnt shake Edward rack up before Carlisle had his arms locked around her waist.Its too late to help her, he reasoned urgently as she struggled. Dont give him what he wantsKate was harder to contain. Shrieking wordlessly like Ta nya, she broke into the first stride of the attack that would end with everyones death. Rosalie was closest to her, but before Rose could clinch her in a headlock, Kate shocked her so violently that Rose crumpled to the ground. Emmett caught Kates arm and threw her down, then staggered back, his knees giving out. Kate rolled to her feet, and it looked like no one could stop her.Garrett flung himself at her, knocking her to the ground again. He throttle his arms around hers, locking his hands around his own wrists. I saw his body spasm as she shocked him. His eyes rolled back in his head, but his hold did not break.Zafrina, Edward shouted.Kates eyes went blank and her screams turned to moans. Tanya stopped struggling.Give me my sight back, Tanya hissed.Desperately, but with all the delicacy I could manage, I pulled my shield even tighter against the sparks of my friends, peeling it back carefully from Kate while trying to keep it around Garrett, making it a thin skin between them.An d then Garrett was in command of himself again, holding Kate to the snow.If I let you up, will you knock me down again, Katie? he whispered.She snarled in response, still thrashing blindly.Listen to me, Tanya, Kate, Carlisle said in a low but intense whisper. Vengeance doesnt help her now. Irina wouldnt want you to waste your lives this way. Think about what youre doing. If you attack them, we all die.Tanyas shoulders hunched with grief, and she leaned into Carlisle for support. Kate was in the long run still. Carlisle andGarrett continued to console the sisters with words too urgent to sound like comfort.And my attention extended to the weight of the stares that pressed down on our moment of chaos. From the corners of my eyes, I could see that Edward and everyone else besides Carlisle and Garrett were on their guard again as well.The heaviest glare came from Caius, staring with enraged disbelief at Kate and Garrett in the snow. Aro was watching the same two, incredulity the stron gest perception on his face. He knew what Kate could do. He had felt her potency through Edwards memories.Did he understand what was happening now did he see that my shield had grown in strength and subtlety far beyond what Edward knew me to be capable of? Or did he think Garrett had learned his own form of immunity?The Volturi guard no longer stood at disciplined attention they were crouched forward, waiting to spring the counterstrike the moment we attacked.Behind them, forty-three witnesses watched with very different expressions than the ones theyd worn entering the clearing. confusedness had turned to suspicion. The lightning-fast destruction of Irina had shaken them all. What had been her crime?Without the immediate attack that Caius had counted on to distract from his rash act, the Volturi witnesses were left questioning exactly what was going on here. Aro glanced back swiftly while I watched, his face betraying him with one flash of vexation. His need for an audience had backfired badly.I heard Stefan and Vladimir murmur to each other in quiet glee at Aros discomfort.Aro was obviously concerned with keeping his white hat, as the Romanians had put it. But I didnt believe that the Volturi would leave us in peace just to save their reputation. After they finished with us, surely they would slaughter their witnesses for that purpose. I felt a strange, sudden pity for the mass of the strangers the Volturi had brought to watch us die. Demetri would hunt them until they were extinct, too.For Jacob and Renesmee, for Alice and Jasper, for Alistair, and for these strangers who had not known what today would cost them, Demetri had to die.Aro touched Caiuss shoulder lightly. Irina has been punished for bearing false witness against this child. So that was to be their excuse. He went on. Perhaps we should return to the matter at hand?Caius straightened, and his expression hardened into unreadability. He stared forward, seeing nothing. His face reminded me, oddly , of a person whod just learned hed been demoted.Aro drifted forward, Renata, Felix, and Demetri automatically moving with him. honorable to be thorough, he said, Id like to speak with a a couple of(prenominal) of your witnesses. Procedure, you know. He waved a hand dismissively.Two things happened at once. Caiuss eyes focused on Aro, and the tiny cruel smile came back. And Edward hissed, his hands balling up in fists so tight it looked like the bones in his knuckles would split through his diamond-hard skin.I was dire to ask him what was going on, but Aro was close enough to hear even the quietest breath. Isaw Carlisle glance anxiously at Edwards face, and then his own face hardened.While Caius had blundered through useless accusations and injudicious attempts to trigger the fight, Aro must have been coming up with a more effective strategy.Aro ghosted across the snow to the far western end of our line, stopping about ten yards from Amun and Kebi. The nearby wolves bristled angri ly but held their positions.Ah, Amun, my southern neighbor Aro said warmly. It has been so long since youve visited me.Amun was tranquil with anxiety, Kebi a statue at his side. Time means little I never notice its passing, Amun said through unmoving lips.So true, Aro agreed. But maybe you had another reason to stay away?Amun said nothing.It can be terribly time-consuming to organize new bafflers into a coven. I know that well Im grateful I have others to deal with the tedium. Im glad your new additions have fit in so well. I would have loved to have been introduced. Im sure you were meaning to screw to see me soon.Of line, Amun said, his tone so emotionless that it was impossible to tell if there was any fear or sarcasm in his assent.Oh well, were all together now Isnt it lovely?Amun nodded, his face blank.But the reason for your presence here is not as pleasant, unfortunately. Carlisle called on you to witness?Yes.And what did you witness for him?Amun spoke with the same cold miss of emotion. Ive observed the child in question. It was seeming(a) almost immediately that she was not an immortal child Perhaps we should define our terminology, Aro interrupted, now that there seem to be new classifications. By immortal child, you mean of course a human child who had been bitten and thus transformed into a vampire.Yes, thats what I meant.What else did you observe about the child?The same things that you surely saw in Edwards mind. That the child is his biologically. That she grows. That she learns. Yes, yes, Aro said, a hint of impatience in his otherwise amiable tone. But specifically in your few weeks here, what did you see?Amuns brow furrowed. That she grows promptly.Aro smiled. And do you believe that she should be allowed to live?A hiss escaped my lips, and I was not alone. Half the vampires in our line echoed my protest. The sound was a low sizzle of fury hanging in the air. Across the meadow, a few of the Volturi witnesses made the same noise. Edward stepped back and wrapped a restraining hand around my wrist.Aro did not turn to the noise, but Amun glanced around un advantageously.I did not come to make judgments, he equivocated.Aro laughed lightly. Just your opinion.Amuns chin lifted. I see no danger in the child. She learns even more swiftly than she grows.Aro nodded, considering. After a moment, he turned away.Aro? Amun called.Aro whirled back. Yes, friend?I gave my witness. I have no more business here. My mate and I would like to take our leave now.Aro smiled warmly. Of course. Im so glad we were able to chat for a bit. And Im sure well see each other again soon.Amuns lips were a tight line as he inclined his head once, acknowledging the barely concealed threat. He touched Kebis arm, and then the two of them ran quickly to the southern edge of the meadow and disappeared into the trees. I knew they wouldnt stop running for a very long time.Aro was gliding back along the length of our line to the east, his guards hovering te nsely. He stopped when he was in front of Siobhans massive form.Hello, dear Siobhan. You are as lovely as ever.Siobhan inclined her head, waiting.And you? he asked. Would you answer my questions the same way Amun has?I would, Siobhan said. But I would perhaps add a little more. Renesmee understands the limitations. Shes no danger to humans she blends in better than we do. She poses no threat of exposure. fuel you think of none? Aro asked soberly.Edward growled, a low ripping sound deep in his throat.Caiuss cloudy crimson eyes brightened.Renata reached out protectively toward her master.And Garrett freed Kate to take a step forward, ignoring Kates hand as she tried to caution him this time.Siobhan answered slowly, I dont think I obey you.Aro drifted lightly back, casually, but toward the rest of his guard. Renata, Felix, and Demetri were closer than his shadow.There is no broken law, Aro said in a placating voice, but every one of us could hear that a qualification was coming. I fo ught back the rage that tried to claw its way up my throat and snarl out my defiance. I hurled the fury into my shield, thickening it, making sure everyone was protected.No broken law, Aro repeated. However, does it follow then that there is no danger? No. He shook his head gently. That is a separate issue.The only response was the tightening of already stretched nerves, and Maggie, at the fringes of our band of fighters, shaking her head with slow anger.Aro paced thoughtfully, looking as if he floated rather than touched the ground with his feet. I noticed every pass took him closer to the protection of his guard.She is unique utterly, impossibly unique. Such a waste it would be, to destroy something so lovely. Especially when we could learn so much .. . He sighed, as if unwilling to go on. But there is danger, danger that cannot simply be ignored.No one answered his assertion. It was dead silent as he continued in a monologue that sounded as if he spoke it for himself only.How iro nic it is that as the humans advance, as their faith in science grows and controls their world, the more free we are from discovery. Yet, as we become ever more uninhibited by their disbelief in the supernatural, they become strong enough in their technologies that, if they conjureed, they could actually pose a threat to us, even destroy some of us.For thousands and thousands of years, our secrecy has been more a matter of convenience, of ease, than of actual safety. This last raw, angry century has given birth to weapons of such power that they endanger even immortals. Now our status as mere myth in truth protects us from these weak creatures we hunt.Thisamazingchild he lifted his hand thenar down as if to rest it on Renesmee, though he was forty yards from her now, almost within the Volturi formation again if we could but know her potential know with absolute certainty that she could always remain shrouded within the obscurity that protects us. But we know nothing of what she will become Her own parents are plagued by fears of her future. We cannot know what she will grow to be. He paused, looking first at our witnesses, and then, meaningfully, at his own. His voice gave a good imitation of sounding torn by his words. relieve looking at his own witnesses, he spoke again. Only the known is safe. Only the known is tolerable. The unknown is a vulnerability.Caiuss smile widened viciously.Youre reaching, Aro, Carlisle said in a bleak voice.Peace, friend. Aro smiled, his face as kind, his voice as gentle, as ever. Let us not be hasty. Let us look at this from every side.May I offer a side to be considered? Garrett petitioned in a level tone, taking another step forward.Nomad, Aro said, nodding in permission.Garretts chin lifted. His eyes focused on the huddled mass at the end of the meadow, and he spoke directly to the Volturi witnesses.I came here at Carlisles request, as the others, to witness, he said. That is certainly no longer necessary, with regard to the child. We all see what she is.I stayed to witness something else. You. He jabbed his finger toward the wary vampires. Two of you I know Makenna, Charles and I can see that many of you others are also wanderers, roamers like myself. Answering to none. Think carefully on what I tell you now.These ancient ones did not come here for justice as they told you. We suspected as much, and now it has been proved. They came, misled, but with a valid excuse for their action. Witness now as they seek slender excuses to continue their true mission. Witness them struggle to find a justification for their true purpose to destroy this family here. He gestured toward Carlisle and Tanya.The Volturi come to erase what they perceive as the competition. Perhaps, like me, you look at this clans golden eyes and marvel. They are difficult to understand, its true. But the ancient ones look and see something besides their strange choice. They see power.I have witnessed the bonds within this family I say family and not coven. These strange golden-eyed ones deny their very natures. But in return have they found something worth even more, perhaps, than mere gratification of desire? Ive made a little study of them in my time here, and it seems to me that intrinsic to this intense family binding that which makes them possible at all is the peaceful character of this life of sacrifice. There is no aggression here like we all saw in the large southern clans that grew and diminished so quickly in their wild feuds. There is no thought for domination. And Aro knows this better than I do.I watched Aros face as Garretts words condemned him, waiting tensely for some response. But Aros face was only politely amused, as if waiting for a tantrum-throwing child to realize that no one was paying attention to his histrionics.Carlisle assured us all, when he told us what was coming, that he did not call us here to fight. These witnesses Garrett pointed to Siobhan and Liam agreed to give eviden ce, to slow the Volturi advance with their presence so that Carlisle would get the chance to present his case.But some of us wondered his eyes flashed to Eleazars face if Carlisle having truth on his side would be enough to stop the so-called justice. Are the Volturi here to protect the safety of our secrecy, or to protect their own power? Did they come to destroy an illegal creation, or a way of life? Could they be fulfill when the danger turned out to be no more than a misunderstanding? Or would they push the issue without the excuse of justice?We have the answer to all these questions. We heard it in Aros lying words we have one with a gift of knowing such things for certain and we see it now in Caiuss eager smile. Their guard is just a mindless weapon, a tool in their masters quest for domination.So now there are more questions, questions that you must answer. Who rules you, nomads? Do you answer to someones will besides your own? Are you free to choose your path, or will t he Volturi decide how you will live?I came to witness. I stay to fight. The Volturi care nothing for the death of the child. They seek the death of our free will.He turned, then, to face the ancients. So come, I say Lets hear no more lying rationalizations. Be honest in your intents as we will be honest in ours. We will defend our freedom. You will or will not attack it. Choose now, and let these witnesses see the true issue debated here.Once more he looked to the Volturi witnesses, his eyes probing each face. The power of his words was evident in their expressions. You might consider joining us. If you think the Volturi will let you live to tell this tale, you aremistaken. We may all be destroyed he shrugged but then again, maybe not. Perhaps we are on more equal footing than they know. Perhaps the Volturi have finally met their match. I promise you this, though if we fall, so do you.He ended his heated speech by stepping back to Kates side and then sliding forward in a half-cro uch, on the watch for the onslaught.Aro smiled. Avery pretty speech, my revolutionary friend.Garrett remained poised for attack. Revolutionary? he growled. Who am I revolting against, might I ask? Are you my king? Do you wish me to call you master, too, like your sycophantic guard?Peace, Garrett, Aro said tolerantly. I meant only to refer to your time of birth. Still a patriot, I see.Garrett glared back furiously.Let us ask our witnesses, Aro suggested. Let us hear their thoughts before we make our decision. Tell us, friends and he turned his back casually on us, moving a few yards toward his mass of nervous observers hovering even closer now to the edge of the forest what do you think of all this? I can assure you the child is not what we feared. Do we take the risk and let the child live? Do we put our world in jeopardy to preserve their family intact? Or does impatient Garrett have the right of it? Will you join them in a fight against our sudden quest for dominion?The witnes ses met his gaze with careful faces. One, a small dark-haired woman, looked briefly at the dark blond male at her side.Are those our only choices? she asked suddenly, gaze flashing back to Aro. Agree with you, or fight against you?Of course not, most charming Makenna, Aro said, appearing horrified that anyone could come to that conclusion. You may go in peace, of course, as Amun did, even if you disagree with the councils decision.Makenna looked at her mates face again, and he nodded minutely.We did not come here for a fight. She paused, exhaled, then said, We came here to witness. And our witness is that this condemned family is innocent. Everything that Garrett claimed is the truth.Ah, Aro said sadly. Im sorry you see us in that way. But such is the nature of our work.It is not what I see, but what I feel, Makennas maize-haired mate spoke in a high, nervous voice. He glanced at Garrett. Garrett said they have ways of knowing lies. I, too, know when I am hearing the truth, and whe n I am not. With frightened eyes he moved closer to his mate, waiting for Aros reaction.Do not fear us, friend Charles. No doubt the patriot truly believes what he says, Aro chuckled lightly, and Charless eyes narrowed.That is our witness, Makenna said. Were leaving now.She and Charles backed away slowly, not turning before they were lost from view in the trees. One other stranger began to retreat the same way, then three more darted after him. I evaluated the thirty-seven vampires that stayed. A few of them appeared just too confused to make thedecision. But the majority of them seemed only too aware of the direction this confrontation had taken. I guessed that they were giving up a head start in favor of knowing exactly who would be chasing after them.I was sure Aro saw the same thing I did. He turned away, move back to his guard with a measured pace. He stopped in front of them and addressed them in a clear voice.We are outnumbered, dearest ones, he said. We can expect no outsid e help. Should we leave this question undecided to save ourselves?No, master, they whispered in unison.Is the protection of our world worth perhaps the mischief of some of our number?Yes, they breathed. We are not afraid.Aro smiled and turned to his black-clad companions.Brothers, Aro said somberly, there is much to consider here.Let us counsel, Caius said eagerly.Let us counsel, Marcus repeated in an uninterested tone.Aro turned his back to us again, facing the other ancients. They joined hands to form a black-shrouded triangle.As soon as Aros attention was engaged in the silent counsel, two more of their witnesses disappeared silently into the forest. I hoped, for their sakes, that they were fast.This was it. Carefully, I loosened Renesmees arms from my neck.You remember what I told you?Tears welled in her eyes, but she nodded. I love you, she whispered.Edward was watching us now, his topaz eyes wide. Jacob stared at us from the corner of his big dark eye.I love you, too, I said, and then I touched her locket. More than my own life. I kissed her forehead.Jacob whined uneasily.I stretched up on my toes and whispered into his ear. Wait until theyre totally distracted, then run with her. Get as far from this place as you possibly can. When youve gone as far as you can on foot, she has what you need to get you in the air.Edwards and Jacobs faces were almost akin masks of horror, despite the fact that one of them was an animal.Renesmee reached for Edward, and he took her in his arms. They hugged each other tightly.This is what you kept from me? he whispered over her head.From Aro, I breathed.Alice?I nodded.His face twisted with understanding and pain. Had that been the expression on my face when Id finally put together Alices clues?Jacob was growling quietly, a low rasp that was as even and unbroken as a purr. His hackles were stiff and histeeth exposed.Edward kissed Renesmees forehead and both her cheeks, then he lifted her to Jacobs shoulder. She scrambled ag ilely onto his back, pulling herself into place with handfuls of his fur, and fit herself easily into the dip between his massive shoulder blades.Jacob turned to me, his expressive eyes full of agony, the rumbling growl still grating through his chest.Youre the only one we could ever trust her with, I murmured to him. If you didnt love her so much, I could never bear this. I know you can protect her, Jacob.He whined again, and dipped his head to butt it against my shoulder.I know, I whispered. I love you, too, Jake. Youll always be my best man.A tear the size of a baseball rolled into the russet fur beneath his eye.Edward leaned his head against the same shoulder where hed placed Renesmee. Goodbye, Jacob, my brother my son.The others were not oblivious to the farewell scene. Their eyes were locked on the silent black triangle, but I could tell they were listening.Is there no hope, then? Carlisle whispered. There was no fear in his voice. Just determination and acceptance.There is ab solutely hope, I murmured back. It could be true, I told myself. I only know my own fate.Edward took my hand. He knew that he was included. When I said my fate, there was no question that I meant the two of us. We were just halves of the whole.Esmes breath was ragged behind me. She moved past us, touching our faces as she passed, to stand beside Carlisle and hold his hand.Suddenly, we were surrounded by murmured goodbyes and I love yous.If we live through this, Garrett whispered to Kate, Ill follow you anywhere, woman.Now he tells me, she muttered.Rosalie and Emmett kissed quickly but passionately.Tia caressed Benjamins face. He smiled back cheerfully, catching her hand and holding it against his cheek.I didnt see all the expressions of love and pain. I was distracted by a sudden fluttering pressure against the outside of my shield. I couldnt tell where it came from, but it felt like it was say at the edges of our group, Siobhan and Liam particularly. The pressure did no damage, an d then it was gone.There was no change in the silent, still forms of the counseling ancients. But perhaps there was some signal Id missed.Get ready, I whispered to the others. Its starting.

My Father in heaven is Reading out loud Essay

Faith supports us the strength to pursue what we obligate in our lives. What we perceive in our lives should give us the drive to carry on things which will have an effect in our lifetime in the long run. Essence of drive in and its intensity would transpire a colossal sense of liking at times most especially if we loose a per news so dear to us, then the saying which goes like we will undecomposed see the importance of a person when hes gone would truly give weight on this. The poem My Father in promised land is instruction out loud connotes the central theme of death.The realization of a person who is far away circling in the poem, however, being gone does not mean that the loves gone as well. In view of the poem, it has been epitomize how love can move things and awaken a person to do things efficiently. Though the worrisome part of the thing called death is at hand, the positive side which would be the element of hope which enable a person to pursue things given the br eathing in of his loved one. The character in the poem is simply a loving eng ender whos gone but his love remains. There is also the tike who misses things around as his fathers already gone.A strong character is present in this poem which gives a manly vibe through and through out the entire deliverance of the poem. The word Father per se exemplifies a huge sincerity of weight to a strong personality. This figurative word that has been utilize in the entire poem leave a remarkable air of an al capacityy figure, one which possess strength of power and a role lay to everyone. Moreover, this also connote a certain level of consistency of decision and in this case, a decision to stay around regardless of what faith could give us, My Father in Heaven is edition out loud to himself Psalms or news (stanza 1, distinguish 1-2, p. 257).The father still makes his role seemingly likely even if hes away from home and can never have a grip on him in this lifetime. Perhaps, the character has a turbid sense of protection power and his views on things contribute a lot to the people sop dear to him. Upon visualizing the varieties of the poem My Father in Heaven is Reading out loud, the picture of a peaceful place is present. A sacred place like that of heaven would be a possible setting for this poem. Heaven which is a good place to oversee things down the earth and monitor what is happening to his loved one, if he is doing the right things in life.Perhaps, this peaceful purlieu is beneficial in making available the air of tranquillity and peaceful arena. Scrutinizing some main points of the poem will give us a huge sense of understanding towards life and what it entails to realize a lost loved one, or for that matter, a father. Now he ponders what hes read, No. he is listening for the sound of children in the yard. Was that laughing or crying? So much depends upon the answer, for either he will go on reading, or hell run to save a childs day from grief.As it is in heaven, so it was on earth (stanza 1, line 2-8, p. 257), this goes to say that the father might have some news at hand as he manage to protect his child albeit the fact that hes gone and so much away. His spirit is still present as he monitors what is happening with his child and maybe he felt the longingness of his child now that hes gone. Furthermore, he still feels the caress of his child as he plays around. As the father, he enjoys the scenery of his child innocently roaming around tackling his own life.Perhaps, hes still bothered during those times which he knows that his child misses him and that at the indorse of what seems to be laughter lays a tears which is continuously flowing. He might have the feeling of longing and parallel to this, there might be some sorrows within as the child looks for a father at a moment. The father was a bit afraid as well because he may no longer give the protection which his child needed since hes too far to reach and the only thing which he can do is to make his spirit always available showered with love.By means of his affection, heaven could possibly put on earth. Looking at his child feels like heaven to him and all he wants is to make his child happy even if it takes him to just stare at his child and be that far from him. In view of the childs perspective, his father does a lot of remarkable things for him that he should be proud of for the rest of his life, Because my father walked the earth with a grave, determined rhythm, my shoulders ached from his gaze, because my fathers shoulders ached from pulling of oars, my life now moves with a powerful back-and-forth rhythm (stanza 2, line 1-5, p. 257).At some point the childs not as good before neglecting the things which his father did to him and now he regrets the past flock in his life and wondering if he could turn back those times that he can be at his best a good son to his good father who truly loves him, A remarkable disappointment to him, I am like anyone who arrives late in the millennium and is unable to stay to the end of days (stanza 3, line 1-4, p. 257).In consonance to this, the child has become confused at some point towards what life is giving him, the challenges that he has as he starts questioning, is it too late for him to change for the reason that he can no longer grab his father. Now that everything is too late for him and his dad, he wants to go back and show how he loves his father and that he can be a better person most especially to his father, the worlds beginnings are conceal to me, its outcomes inaccessible, I dont understand the source of starlight or starlights destination (stanza 3, line 4-7, p. 257).A two way of presentation has been present in this poem, the father figure and a child who looks at things differently based on his fathers showered love. Clearly, the spirit of hope resembles at the end of the poem as the child aspire to get better grasping what his father has taught him. Life mat give us a cert ain role in this world and albeit with that role lays a challenge which we can surely surpass at a given time. Reference My Father, in Heaven, Is Reading out loud, devising Literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers, Fourth Edition page 257

Wilma Rudolph biography

Wilma Rudolph is most well-known for her extreme success in track and field. What is most ground-breaking about Wilma and her success is the fact that she was a womanhood succeeding in what was considered at that time a mans sport. She broke many records, but most importantly was the world-class American woman to win 3 gold medals during the alike summer Olympics. Wilma had faced many troubles throughout her disembodied spirit, from illness and disabilities to insecurities and friendship issues.However, the most difficult time in her life was non the obstacles she entirely oercame to from each one her success but the point in her life by and by all of that- the point when she went back to palpableity. passim this paper I will discuss how the bio-social-psycho- spiritual-cultural simulation had affected Wilma throughout her life-time, ultimately influencing the person she turned out to be. Although I will touch upon her childhood and teenage years, the point of my pap er is to identify but exactly how those periods of time in her life affected her throughout her mid-adulthood phase until her death in 1994.BIOLOGICAL The first part of the framework suggests we advert at Wilmas biologic past to help nderstand the person she became. When Wilma was born, she was the 20th out of 22 children in the Rudolph family. She had a very difficult childhood, bouncing back and forth from illness to illness. Throughout her childhood, she was diagnosed with double pneumonia, scarlet fever, and polio. When Wilma was six years old, she was diagnosed with infantile paralysis caused by the polio virus. At that time, doctors had told her that she would never walk again without the aid of braces.However, Wilma was determined to provoke everyone wrong and walk on her own. By the age of twelve, Wilma could freely move and walk around without the aid of her leg brace. After that point in her lifetime, zero point major (from a biological standpoint) occurred until she was a senior in high school and got heavy(predicate) by her long-time clotheshorse, Robert Eldridge. At this point in her life, she was training with a college track coach during the summer and could non handle the responsibilities of a child Just yet.Luckily, her honest-to-god sister Yvonne (who was already married with a child of her own) offered to look by and by the baby until Wilma was ready for motherhood. This allowed Wilma to continue iving her normal life without puzzle to make and sacrifices. SOCIAL Wilma experienced a very financially poor childhood. She was among 21 other siblings and her parents only lived Offa teachers salary. During the time of her leg brace, Wilma was headquartersschooled because of her disability. It was not until the first grade that her parents considered admitting her to a real school.After overcoming her disability, she decided that when she reached high school she wanted to follow in her sisters footsteps and Join the school basketball t eam. During freshmen year she excelled in basketball and track, and it was at that point that she first received nterest from Tennessee States track coaches. Because of her raw talent, Tennessee coac , Edward Temple snowed a mass ot interest in Wilma, enough tor ner to try out tor the 1956 Olympics. After neat a qualifier for the Olympics, she became close friends with Mae Faggs, an older outflowner on her Olympic team.Mae was a great influence on Wilma and really helped her mentally and physically prepare for the Olympics. Despite all of Coach Temples and Maes help, Wilma did not place at the 1956 Olympics. After the Olympics were over and she returned home, she decided to pick up her son and have him live with her again. She realized that spending time with her family was Just as important as anything else in her life at that time. At this point she was Juggling a boyfriend, a child, college school work, track, and her grief over disappointment from the past Olympics.PSYCHOLOGI CAL Because of Wilmas natural talent and success in high school, her first loss at a big meet was devastating. She had travelled to Philadelphia for a National AAU Track Meet, and became overconfident. She was shocked when she did not win and returned home with shame of losing. She felt embarrassed of losing and felt as if she had let herself down. It was at that point she realized that the success she could obtain through track and field was in her hands, which only motivated her to train harder. Once qualifying for the Olympic team, she in like manner experienced some psychological challenges.She was such a good runner at such a boylike age that she would hold back at Olympic practices in order to keep the other girls on the team from becoming Jealous of her. She felt very torn, whether or not to excel at practice and work hard or hold on to friendships. She finally got over her fear of losing friends over hard work and decided to run for herself. One of her biggest psychologi cal upsets, however, was after the 1956 Olympics when she did not qualify for the finals in the 200 meter dash. She could not eat or sleep for days and felt as though she let down the entire United States.She was determined that the next day she would run harder and make up for that. Fortunately, by the end of the Olympics, her 400 meter relay team had surprisingly placed third and came back home with a bronzy medal. SPIRITUAL & CULTURAL Wilma was born in Clarkesville, Tennessee in 1940. During this time, she experienced the wrath of segregation. The school she attended was Just for blacks nd did not compare to the nicer school for discolor children. Growing up, religion was important to Wilma and her family but did not play a huge role her ripening throughout life and her accomplishments.Her family was very religious and were practicing Baptists. HOW THIS exemplar AFFECTED HER LIFE As a child and teenager, Wilma lived anything but an ordinary life. At the age of 6 she was told she would never walk again without a brace. By the age of 12 she defied those odds and successfully walked on her own. By the time she reached high school she was on the school basketball team and track team. By the age of 16 she was ompeting in her first Olympics games. And by her senior year she had a child of her n All ot these components helped to develop Wilma into the person she grew up to be.Her biggest obstacles occurred after her fame and fortune, when she got home and back to real life. When she arrived home from the 1960 Olympics, she was welcomed by the solely town of Clarkesville, Tennessee. It was the first time in Clarkesville history that etiolated and black townspeople came in concert to celebrate. After returning home and spending time with her family, she immediately began to travel the world meeting new people and starring in more races. She became the first woman invited into meets previously only participated by males.However, at this time it was very unlikel y for a woman, let alone a black woman athlete, to have a manager. T herefore, Wilma did not make any money off of any of the appearances she made or races she competed in. When she finally returned home from travelling, she was hit with the harsh reality of the real world- she was broke. Wilma decided the best thing for her to do was to go back to college to get her degree in elementary education. After she graduated college, she married her longtime boyfriend Robert Eldridge. She got a teaching Job at the elementary school she attended as a child and coached track and field at Burts High School.Still, this did not help her financial situation. A few months later, she decided to leave her Job as a teacher and within a few years became pregnant with two more children. After that, she springinessd back and forth from Job to Job unsatisfied with every one she tried. She could not find that same satisfaction that she felt from track and field- nonethe slight find a Job that would help ease her money troubles. In 1967, Vice President Hubert Humphrey asked Wilma to Join Operation Champ, government sponsored political program that trained childlike inner-city athletes.Wilma once again traveled to many cities but still did not find that satisfaction she was searching for. Once she got back, she continued to bounce from Job to Job again until she finally decided to start her own business. Her business was named Wilma Unlimited and allowed her to travel, lecture, and support special causes. Through this company, she inspired many young African American athletes. In 1977 she wrote her own book and filmed a movie about her life. In 1981 she started the Wilma Rudolph Foundation, a foundation dedicated to nurturing talented young athletes.She worked hard to promote womens sports in America and lobbied to pass Title X. Among many other awards throughout her lifetime, she was honored with the National Sports award from President Bill Clinton in 1993. Unfortunately, Wilma died at the young age of 54 from cancer on November 12, 1994. Wilmas adult life would have built to nothing if it not had been for all of the experiences she lived through in her childhood. She learned strength, endurance, and patience not only on the track but in her life as well. She did not experience the most difficult quantify in life until after she had accomplished many goals for herself.It overlyk true commitment for her to succeed in life after she returned home from the Olympics. Everything she did and experienced throughout her lifetime greatly affected the person she turned out to be. She grew into an amazing and influential woman who is not only known for her trinity gold medals in the same summer Olympics, but she is known for the legacy she has left behind in womens sports and the rest ot the world. KOHLBERGS THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT According to our textbook, Lawrence Kohlberg has proposed a series of three levels, and six corresponds, through which people pro gress as they develop their moral ramework (Zastrow, 2007).The first level, called the Preconventional Level, is primarily concerned with self-interest. The first stage of this level deals with how a person can avoid punishment. It is in this level that a person (however, most of the time this level is applied to children) will act on the basis of cunning what actions will constitute some sort of punishment. Stage two is more self-interest driven. A person will think in terms of reenforcement for themselves, by asking the question whats in it for me. In this level a person will act in their best interest. These stages, related toWilma Rudolphs life do not hold a high level of significance. There are not too many points in her life that were highlighted in her biography that were tie in to these two stages. I can imagine, however, that growing up in a household with 21 other children would take away from both of these stages. I query that Wilma was punished by her parents very of ten since they had to focus on so many other children as well. On the other hand, she probably had many of her older siblings to look after her, who Im sure gave her a hard time when she did something wrong.The second level, the Conventional Level, usually is applied to people from the ges of 10 to 13 (Zastrow, 2007). Incorporated in this level are yet two more stages. Stage three is based on the approval of others and fulfilling social roles. During this stage, a person tries to live up to the expectations set for the good boy or good girl that they are trying to be. A high level of acceptance among others is what a person is ultimately var. for in this stage. I trust this stage directly reflects the point in Wilmas life when she made the Olympic team for the first time.During that time in her life, she was much(prenominal) younger than many of the other women on the team and ould hold back in practice as to not embarrass them or appear as if she were superior to them. She wante d to fit in and be accepted by her teammates. Stage four deals more with obeying rules and listening to authority. In this stage, the individual focuses on what is even up and wrong based on the laws. I believe this stage relates to the time in Wilmas life when she was going off to college and one of her coachs rules was no children, since they would become too much of a distraction.Following his orders, Wilma decided to send her child with her older sister who could better fulfill the childs needs and also allowing Wilma to obey her oach. The final level of Kohlbergs stages of development is called the Post conventional level. The first stage of this level, stage five, is concerned with the welfare of the community. Although the previous level focused on the importance of laws, this stage says that laws are also open for interpretation and that the welfare and state of the community is Just as important as following laws.I believe this describes the point in Wilmas life after she had won at the Olympics and returned home to Clarkesville for the first time. Upon her arrival, she was greeted by both white and black supporters from her community. During that time period, segregation was highly enforced and it was rare to see white and black folks together. However, they came together in support o t Wilma and d hey saw was best tor the community- snowing their support together as a whole instead of individual races.The final stage, stage six, revolves around the idea of acting on internal ethical principles. At this stage in someones life, the person is less concerned with the opinion of others and more concerned with what is right for them. I do not think Wilma ever reached this stage in her life. While I believe that she did overcome many bstacles, such as being a black, female athlete during the time of mens sports and segregation, I do not think she achieved this highest stage in her development.In conclusion, I believe that everything Wilma Rudolph endured throughout her lifetime had a big impact on the woman she grew up to be. All of the fame and recognition she received through her teenage years had a big hand in the development through adulthood. It was not until she grew up and came back to Clarkesville after her big success as a track star that Wilma really had to look back and put to use all of the dedication and life lessons she learned as a child.If Wilma were here today I think she would want people to remember her not for winning gold medals at the Olympics, but rather for all of the things she accomplished and all of the people she influenced as an adult. I believe she holds most valuable in her heart her ability to influence others to overcome adversity and to live out their dreams.

Brita Marketing

Contents Introduction1 Background1 Situational Analysis1 P. E. S. T. L. E Analysis2 S. W. O. T Analysis3 Porter Five Forces Analysis3 STP Analysis4 Possible Options Available5 Do nonhing5 Manage decline5 Develop and implement a marketing system for growth5 Short term Expand existing market5 Long term Increase Market Sh atomic number 186 purpose6 Introduction This document represents The i-Fusions Consultants Report on BRITA. The communitys current business concern situation is analysed and various options for action considered.The cover up aims to identify a clear marketing dodge for Brita in order to consultation the current issues facing the company the associated falling gross sales. The report is broadly comprised of three main sections 1. Background 2. Situational Analysis 3. Options open to Brita 4. Recommended Strategy Background Brita, after an extended period of succeeder and dominance in the filtered piss system market is facing increasing competition, new ma rket entrants and falling sales. After various failed initiatives to reverse the sequential decline, the company is seeking a new schema that will restore double-digit growth.History In impairment of increase history, Brita has been precise successful with 2 attain wet filtration products, cumuluss and Faucet Mounted filters. On launching the filtration pitchers, initial efforts to build sentiency and create a market were successful, teaching consumers the benefits of filtered body of water and creating awareness. Subsequent efforts to develop and poke out the market based on taste were also successful ( bang water Transformed campaign). Brita was the market leader for many years and defended that market constituent successfully for some time.However, the market is now made up of much than 70 competitors and more recent strategies are failing to deliver growth and profits and Brita sales are now actually falling. Situational Analysis The documentation provided can assi st in identifying various problems. The key business issues identified by i-Fusions are * Brita failed to appreciate and correctly identify the competitive market they are in * Brita were too slow to innovate and more agile competitors pass entered the market and taken share * The company reaction has been overly product-focused Brita has considered and/or launched various reactive advertising campaigns based on competitor action, rather than considering a holistic marketing strategy built on market analysis. * Britas organisational structure is top-heavy with multiple reporting lines and no clear chain of responsibility. The result is a lack of lucidity as everyone is responsible yet nobody is responsible. * The net result of all of the above is that Brita sales are falling. P. E. S. T. L. E Analysis Political There are no significant external political issues affecting Britas business.Economical The Economy during 1980s & 1990s showed no indications of recession and the emergen ce of the Internet and the evolution of the world(prenominal) economy generated unprecedented economic prosperity in the United States that lifted consumer purchasing power to better standards. The mid-2000s attach the end of this boom wheel and the economy is starting to contract. Social The primary social trends in the late 1980s and 1990s, as faced by Brita were * People shifting towards a more healthy modus vivendi * Workers working longer hours to gain more salary Shift of workforce from Agriculture to Industry & IT Sectors Technology The beginning of the 1990s marked the beginning of the Internet revolution and this has affected peoples lives and lifestyles significantly. The impact on business is that communications are faster and customer expectations are for a more personalised approach (e,g, Emails, Mobile Phones etc). Legal During 1980s & 1990s, Public Water Hygiene laws & regulations were not enforced effectively to prevent water-borne diseases outbreaks that occurr ed during that period of time.During the 12 year period (1991 2002), Public Water contamination outbreaks came from community & non-community water supply (78%) compared to 22% from private/individual water supply systems as report by the Journal of Water and Health published in 2006 Environmental During the late 1980s and 1990s, Environment Friendly organisations & NGOs (such as Greenpeace) were not creating an influential awareness of drinking water health issues. As a result, people were not possessing self-awareness of dangers contributing to drinking impure & contaminated water. Porter Five Forces AnalysisRivalry The market is very competitive and the threat of competition is high. Many companies are present and they are more successful than Brita. It seems to appear a rivalry both in terms of product and location Barriers to Entry The entry barriers in the market are relatively low, making it easy to access. However, as the market is saturated it could be flimsy for new comp anies to decide to start new enterprises in this field. Threat of substitutes This represents one of the main threats for Brita. Both tap water and flaccid drinks are potential substitutes for the product that Brita offers.Supplier power The suppliers do not play a major role for Brita growth. The product offered is relatively simple and its components are easy to procure. Buyer power The consumers discombobulate a high decision power which can drastically affect the performances of Brita. Depending what type of drink they decide to consume (filtered water, tap water or soft drinks), the sales will increase or decrease. The Five Forces analysis tool highlights that Brita has to focus its attention on what consumers want in order to achieve success (appendix A ).The product is neither significantly unique nor essential to ensure success on its own and taken in the context of a whacking number of substitutes, consumers therefore hold significant purchasing power. Simultaneously, Br ita has to take in consideration the highly competitive nature of the market. If Brita does not update its product benefits, and and then position themselves in such a way that they offers customers a unique benefit vis-a-vis competitors, it is promising further lose market share. Therefore, customers and matching their lifestyle choices should be the focal point of Brita strategy if double growth has to be gained.S. W. O. T Analysis STP Analysis Segmentation Using Behavioural Segmentation, i-Fusions have considered 6 predominant market segments. See Appendix B and C Tap Traditionalists Slow to change, like the convenience and cheapness of tap water. Weary Tap Users Low involvement in their water drinking decisions. Like tap water and unlikely to change. They are also the lowest consumers of total water per day. scrupulous Filter Fans High involvement in their water phthisis decisions and desire filtered water is more healthy.Affluent Fridge Fans Highly involved in their water c onsumption decisions and associate water with health and weight control. Assertive Self Improvers Highly involved in their water consumption decisions and drinks a lot of water for health. This group has the highest overall daily intake of water and drinks most of their water at home. Bottled Water Indulgers Highly involved in their water consumption decisions and use bottled water as a reward for effort. They are highly attached to bottled water. Of the 6 categories of consumers, 3 have been pointed as the target market PFF, ASI and AFF.Target Market Analysis In terms of water consumption patterns, tap water is still the most utilised (35. 4%) with filtered water also popular (33. 3%). Bottled water is more and more popular and currently holds 21. 7% of the market. See Appendix D The main perceived issues customers have with Tap Water are Quality and Portability. Most consumers believe that using water filters improves the taste of the waterand using fridge filters makes it more convenient to consume filtered water. Out of a total of 59. 6% people owning the Pitcher Filter system, 50. % own the Brita product standing higher in comparison to the PuR Product. Brita faces some perception challenges as the Faucet Mount and Pitcher do not currently have any stand out features for customers and the Filtering Pitcher is seen as time-consuming and less simple when compared to Bottled water. In terms of good flavour of the water, 77% consumers support BW whereas only 32% support Pitchers. In terms of pureness, 63% consumers support BW and 44% consumers support Pitchers. Positioning Analysis Brita has good brand recognition and is currently viewed in the key segments as a healthy water option.There is a loyal customer base dedicated to filtered water which represents a growth opportunity if Brita can meet the changing consumer needs. i-Fusions would therefore recommend that Brita builds on this brand strength with a marketing strategy that highlights health and wel lness and sustainability and believes that Brita has strong advantages over its competition to fulfil these targets. Possible Options Available Brita faces a difficult market and there are three broad business options they can consider. 1. Do nothing 2. Manage decline 3.Develop and implement a marketing strategy for growth Do nothing i-Fusions recognise that occasionally it may be acceptable for firms to take a wait and see approach to their business but we do not recommend this as a give of action to Brita. The risk of inaction is too great in a market with such high competition and falling market share. Britas button-down approach to date is reflected in their current situation. Manage decline Brita could continue with their current emphasis on pitchers and faucets and manage decline cutting costs precipitously as sales fall.It is the view of i-Fusions that, given the high number of competing brands, there is a risk that adopting any low cost/low price strategy would merely l ead to a race to the bottom. In any case, Brita is unlikely to be able to undercut its smaller, more nimble rivals due to its size and structure. Additionally, this strategy does not fit with the stated requirement for double-digit growth. However, the current product amalgamate and their current specialisedation are in the mature stage of the product life-cycle so Brita needs to seek ways to add respect to maintain current sales and to consider new products to drive growth.Our recommendations are therefore predicated on the value that the brand has in the eyes of its customers and to leverage the reputation for quality that the company has built up. Develop and implement a marketing strategy for growth The advice of i-Fusions is for Brita to conserve a growth strategy, focused on meeting the needs of key identified market segments with clear product offers, consistent messaging, via the optimal dispersion carry and at the appropriate price. Short term Expand existing marketP roduct Existing users Brita should aggressively target existing filtered water users (Principled Filter Fans and Assertive Self Improvers) with Pitchers and Faucets with ameliorate ability to remove impurities and taste. Brita should therefore focus R&D effort on improving the purity capability of its filters, reinforcing the key brand messages of health and purity. worth Maintain existing pricing strategy Place Brita should continue with the mass distribution strategy as changes in the past have quickly translated in lost sales.Promotion Find new uses Brita can create new uses of existing products through promotion of special activites such as using filtered water for cooking, an bodily process that is important to key segments Strong single brand messaging around Health/Purity/Sustainability using a mix of targeted TV and radio, social media, lifestyle magazines (home, food, well-being), demonstrations and tasting instore and at gyms/yoga-chains etc Brita is in a position to add complementary messaging around its green/sustainable credentials, which fits with target segment values and has the additional benefit of reaching other segments in the water consumption market. Long term Increase Market Share Product Change product mix in the longer term. Brita should look at expanding its product mix to better meet the behaviour patterns of its identified segments.For example, developing a filter for fridge water dispensers is highly advisable. Form alliances i-Fusions strongly recommend that Brita forms strategic alliances with quality white goods manufacturers in order to jointly develop a product that meets the needs of the key market segments identified. It is recommended that quality brands are identified and targeted in order to maintain Britas brand image and support the growth strategy. Additional alliances with yoga-chains/gyms for joint marketing opportunities should also be explored. Finally, alliances with home-builders/plumbing providers was con sidered as an option but i-Fusions do not recommend this for Brita as it is effectively a new and very unlike market.Price Reduce costs Information on reducing overall capital costs is scarce but spend on R&D is likely to increase in the short/medium term. In terms of Fixed Costs, Brita should review its organisational structure, both to clarify reporting lines and reduce management overhead. Finally, it would make sense for Brita to have a single brand, with clear associated brand messages, managing their product lines within that brand. Promotion New users Brita should aggressively target consumers in the Affluent Fridge following category, given the high consumption of water at home and their fit with the key Brita health messages. Maintain green credentials with targeted messaging.Place Brita should continue with the mass distribution strategy as changes in the past have quickly translated in lost sales. People Brita should implement clearer communication channels with clearly identified lines of authority. Conclusion On analysing the information available i-Fusions believe that Brita needs to refocus its attention on the market, using short and long term strategies that target appropriate segments with specific products, messaging and distribution channels to best meet their requirements, aspirations and life-styles. We believe that the marketing strategy recommended will assist in driving double-digit top line growth.

Starbucks’ Mission: Aligned with Its Strategies

Is Starbucks Mission (vision, goals, objectives) aligned with its strategies? Analyze Starbucks based on the strategic process go forthline and write a five pageboy paper answering the forgo question. As I drove to work this morning, I decided to shit a slight detour from my normal roadway to assume a cupful of morning goodness in the form of fresh coffee. I could have stopped off at the corner doohickey store, smelt gasoline being pumped and the ring-a-ding-ding of the slot machines that frequent just to the highest degree every Las Vegas establishment, but I was looking for a little to a greater extent something.I decided to drive an extra 30 seconds out of my way to go to an establishment that I knew would provide outstanding quality coffee, serve it with a smile, and provide an environment that was classy and warm. I decided to go to Starbucks. As I walked in, I smelt the fresh coffee grounds and heard a catchy song on the stereo. When the gal behind the counter greeted me with a big smile and asked, What can I get started for you? I knew I had make the right decision.The Starbucks corporation has done an outstanding job since 1970 with the execution of its strategicprocess resulting in it currently owning 40% of the specialty coffee securities industry and boosting annual sales exceed $7 billion according to an obligate published by Burt Helm. Figure 1. Strategic Management Tasks According to the coursew ar there ar five steps to be accomplished in the Strategic Management Process. See Figure 1 above. The one essential area that this graph excludes however is analysis. I will embarrass this step in the following discussion. Mission StatementFrom the Starbucks website we find that the Starbucks mission statement is, Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world time maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow. The website goes on to say the mission is more than words on a piece of paper but rather a philosophy that guides how we do rail line every day. While the later half appears to be fluff and corporate jargon, it is actually relevant in the way the Starbucks conducts business chance(a). With this mission statement they have determined who they are and what they intend to do.Breaking it down further we find that the key market is the coffee market, the contribution is to be the premier purveyor of the finest coffee, and that the distinction is doing all of this while maintaining their uncompromising principles. I will state the uncompromising principles as part of the objective area to follow. Analysis Starbucks knows that it is non in this market totally. In fact in some areas of the world it is already slightly behind. According to caterersearch. com, in the UK Starbucks has been usurped by Costa Coffee as the UKs largest coffee shop operator, with 24. % (540 stores) compared to 24. 7% (555) for the Whitbread-owned range of a function. The article went on to say t hat the market continues to have huge growth, exceeding 15% per year. The courseware introduced one method of analyzing the market known as stand up (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). It was interesting to find the following chart, Figure 2, located in the Datamonitor Starbucks Corporation Company Profile. Figure 2. Starbucks SWOT Analysis This SWOT analysis invariably helped Starbucks with the next phase of the strategy process, that of objective setting. Setting ObjectivesAs mentioned earlier, Starbucks mission statement eludes to uncompromising principles. According to the Starbucks. com, these principles include 1. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. 2. Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. 3. Apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. 4. Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. 5. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. 6. Recognize that profitability is essential to our future success.While the Corporation calls these principles, and they are principles indeed, they also use these principles as a set of objectives from which they conduct their day-by-day operations. A final objective that has recently hail about from the Corporate Chairman Howard Schultz, is to ensure that the ships company does not forget its roots as it attempts to continue to grow. Schultz is aggressive. According to a headache Week article by Burt Helm, he would like to triple annual sales up to $23 billion by the year 2012, and almost quadruple the itemise ofStarbucks stores globally. This is smart.He sees the strengths and opportunities of the SWOT analysis above and wants to expound on his global presence and take advantage of the continual 14-15% annual growth of the market. Schultz also knows that there are slowing US retail sales however. To counteract this he intends to prese rve the old world feel of a coffee bistro. In order to defend up with the demand, Starbucks has had to modernize some of its procedures. Helm states that the company has had to sacrifice some of the old world feel and incorporate the use of automatic espresso machines, vacuum certain(a) bags of coffee, CDs, and so on.Schultz wants to minimize the watering down of what he calls The Starbucks Experience. This is difficult in todays society in which most businesses attempt to get consumers in and out as quickly as possible and customers expect and demand the same, a phenomena known as The McDonaldization of Society. Implementation and Execution of the Strategy Starbucks has implemented the principles and goals into daily operations. Looking through page after page of the Starbucks website, it is evident that the corporation has internalized these principles and uses them as guidelines.Providing a great work environment hashappened in a number of ways. Starbucks provides employees wit h training and education. One program listed on the Starbucks website is called, Learning to Lead. In this program employees learn effective management practices. Another employee programis Business and Communication in which workers are offered a variety of classes to aid in their management skills. These programs allow for advancement and a sense of accomplishment by employees. They added together with company benefits are attempts by Starbucks to foster a friendly work environment.Diversity is accomplished through the hiring process. Starbucks knows that it is important that every voice is heard, and in which employees strive to learn about one another. In doing this, the company ensures that no group of potential customers are alienated. Starbucks applies the highest standards in freshly delivered coffee in a couple of ways. According to the company home page, Starbucks works with suppliers and farmers daily in an attempt to sustain high quality coffee production. In addition to this, a program known as CoffeeEducation was put into effect in which employees learn the finer nuances of coffee, from aroma to taste, and as a result are better able to deal to customers about the gourmet products. The intent of this according to Helm, is to share Starbucks passion for coffee and to make the coffee industry more like the wine industry. If Starbucks is able to make its customers connoisseurs of coffee, it can then stock and sellhigh end coffee for up to $28 per pound. Starbucks knows that competitors such as McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts, or even the corner convenience store cant contend in this niche of the market.Starbucks has had success with ensuring that coffee drinking is an experience. According to Jeneanne Rae, 80% of Starbucks revenues come from customers who visit their stores an average of 18 times a month. This statistic alone tells us that the company is keeping its customers happy. The nice lighting, the plush furniture, the smooth music all aid in this endeavor. Rae goes on to say, people will gladly pass on more for an experience that is not only functional but also emotionally rewarding. Simply put, I could go to the corner store and get a cup of coffee for $. 5 and get my caffeine shot for the day. In this process however I may feel like Im absentminded out on the finer things in life, The Starbucks Experience. As a result, I will go out of my way, pay $2 for a cup of coffee, and feel more satisfied. Starbucks also strives to contribute positively to its communities and surrounding environments. It strives to be a friendly gathering place for locals. According to its website, Starbucks supports local organizations with cash and contributions as well as promotes art, culture, education, and environmental awareness.The final goal of Starbucks is to be profitable and promote future success. It does this through taking care of its stakeholders. The Starbucks Code of Ethics for chief executive officer and Finance Leaders states, I am charged with ensuring that stake holders interests are appropriately balanced, protected and preserved. All corporate decisions are made with the preceding oath in mind. Starbucks will continue to have success in the coffee market due to its strongstrategy. From vision statement, through SWOT, to implementation, and finally the execution of daily operations, it has been a synergistic effort.This process has culminated in what has been coined, The Starbucks Experience. Customers will take a five minute detour, just as I did this morning, to be greeted with a warm smile, receive a piping hot cup of java, all in a clean quant old world feel environment. Howard Schultz and his crew are well on their way to achieving their goals of 40,000 stores and $23. 2 billion in sales by the year 2012. REFERENCES Datamonitor Starbucks Corporations Company Profile, 25 Jan 2005. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from, http//www. investor. reuters. om/data/files/Company%20Profile%20Sample%20for%20Reuters. p df Helm, Burt. 9 Apr 2007. SAVING STARBUCKS SOUL Chairman Howard Schultz is on a mission to take his company back to its roots. Oh, yeah-he also wants to triple sales in five years. Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=44=1252343951=3=1=3=PROD=PQD=309=PQD=1184944744=29440=1 Keel, Robert. 10 July 2007. The McDonaldization of Society. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http//www. umsl. du/keelr/010/mcdonsoc. html McDonalds to open coffee chain in Japan, 12 July 2007. Retrieved on 20 July 2007 from, http//www. topix. com/drink/2007/07/mcdonalds-to-open-coffee-chain-in-japan Rae, Jeneanne. 27 Nov 2006. The Importance Of Great Customer Experiences? Business Week. Retrieved 20 July 2007 from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? index=60&did=1166573331&SrchMode=3&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1184944933&clientId=29440&aid=1 UK coffee market set to double over the next 10 years, 23 May 2007, Retrieved on 20 July 07 from,

Policy Analysis: Free Speech and Social Media

discharge speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution. The founding fathers believed the freedom of the citizenry to question and macrocosmly scorn the establishment to be of such importance, it was their first order of business. Such speech is non absent limits and some fall in to understand what the First Amendment prohibits. The protections for individuals include the language Congress shall make no law that abridges free speech.Certainly field of study law has provided some examples of unprotected speech to Include statements that would cause prevalent terror such as oiling fire In a theater, harassing statements, disturbance of a nonhers peace, and statements In the prune indue that could create a hostile work environment (Van Broccoli, 2011). Because the founding fathers left the First Amendment vague, the Congress, through legislation, and the courts through legal decisions have defined authoritative speech as unprotected. Important differences exi st between the speech of a citizen and the speech of an employee.Even more inconsistency exists between employees who work in cloistered industry than employees of the government. Technology available wrought social media and the susceptibility to communicate internationally in seconds has created a whole new argonna for employees and employers (Van Broccoli, 2011). Private Employees versus Public Employees significant differences exist between private employers and governmental employees. Essentially, free speech protections do not extend to employees of private businesses.Although free speech In the workplace Is restricted, laws related to whistle blower protections and certain protected classes of pile persist. Furthermore, the National Labor Relations Act (ANAL) protects employees from an employer interfering with an employees fertilization regarding work conditions, supervisors, and the organization. These same protections do not apply to government Jobs, such as municipal guard departments. It is important to understand that these protections are not founded in the First Amendment, precisely in statutes, contracts, sheath law, and policies and procedures (Van Broccoli, 2011).Public employees enjoy some protections related to the First Amendment, withal these are limited. Case law has carved out a three prong interrogatory which is continually universe applied to new cases before the courts. The three-prong test applies to oral and written communications, photographic depictions, videos, music, and performing arts. The following prongs of the test determine whether or not the patrol officers speech Is protected by the First Amendment 1. The speech must place on a egress of creation concern 2. The speech must be made as a citizen, not as part of the officers official duties 3.The speech must address an issue of public interest, and the officers interest must outweigh the agencies interest in promoting and maintaining efficient operations (B aker, 2011). Public Concern Typically, the public is not interested in the inner-workings of police agency. Issues surrounding promotions, advancements, or displeasure with the bosses is not a matter of public interest. For example, in Iconic v. Myers an assistant district attorney circulated a letter inquiring close to employees morale and work conditions.The assistant district attorney was fired for his communique and the overbearing Court upheld his termination. In City of San Diego v. Roe a police officer was claiming to be expressing free speech by masturbating on a website and selling police memorabilia. The officer was ordered to cease and desist, yet he maintained the web-site that had render San Diego Police Department uniforms. Again, the Supreme Court control that his speech was of no interest to the public at large (Van Broccoli, 2011).Official Capacity versus Private Citizen This prong of the test is more difficult to apply. Often police officers believe they are ac ting as a citizen, when in fact, the opposite is true. Speech related to the officers official duties is not protected. In Cigarette v Caballeros, a deputy district attorney reviewed an affidavit used by police to secure a search warrant. Deputy District Attorney Caballeros found misrepresentations that he brought to his supervisor. The supervisor take away the deputy from the case and the case went forward.Caballeros testified for the defense and was reassigned to another division and denied a promotion. Caballeros claimed his speech was protected and sued. The Supreme Court ruled that although honorable, his speech was the result of his professional responsibilities as a prosecutor and therefore not the speech of a private citizen (Van Broccoli, 2011). Other cases have illustrated this nexus, including a sergeant in charge of a argotic unit who brought to light wrong doings of his subordinates. Not only was he told to work harmoniously, he was be with transfer.When he resigned a nd sued, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals again reaffirmed his speech was not that of a private citizen, but the product of his employment (Van Broccoli, 2011). Notoriety, such as an officer who is regularly on the news may place that officer in an official capacity more than other officers (Baker, 2011). Promoting and Maintaining Efficiency The Supreme Court has ruled that even if the officers speech was related to an issue of public concern, and the officer was acting as a citizen, the interests of the officer will be weighed against the departments interests.This prong was discussed in Nixon v. City of Houston (Van Broccoli, 2011). Nixon, a Houston Police Officer, authored opinion columns in local publications. Although he never identified himself as a Houston Police officer, he regularly mentioned that he was a police officer and wrote close Houston Police activities and policies as well as his activities. His columns contained offensive remarks about minorities, citizen groups , women and the homeless. Although off-duty and not tranquilize to De a Houston Police emcee, en was eventually terminated Tort tans Ana other incidents.Nixon claimed that his speech was protected, yet the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the Houston Police Departments interests in protecting their relationship with the community outweighed his interests (Van Broccoli, 2011) . The Policy Because of issues antecedently discussed, criminal Justice agencies have been forced to adopt new policies related to social media. These policies are derived from case law and legislative action and must comply with labor agreements.Because freedom of speech is a constituent(a) issue, individual cases will continue to be determined on their merit within the three-prong test. Police agencies should be encouraged to draft social media policies and educate employees in the nuances of free speech and the acceptable uses of social media. currently the Washoe County Sheriffs Office does not ha ve a social media policy, although a new policy update is universe formulated to address the deficiency (Washoe County Sheriff, 2011). Conclusion The public has little sympathy for police officers who use their believe role to elate policy.On the other hand, the public has little interest in the daily politics of a police organization. Where police officers fail, and expose their department to embarrassment, are cases in which they post inappropriate materiel for public view. Such examples are widespread and include police officers posting Faceable photographs in uniform pointing guns at their heads, a police officer who shot a man 11 times then posted comments about how he would rather be emptying his guns than cleaning them, and a police officer with a bikini-clad little girl leaned over his patrol ar (Wilson, 2011).